Although Bishop Meerschaert preached in Weatherford in 1902, a church would not be established there until 1945 when it became a mission of Blessed Virgin church in Hydro. Masses were first offered on the campus of Southwestern State College for the 12 catholic residents. In 1947, an old protestant church in Elk City was purchased, moved to South State Street and dedicated to St. James. By 1959 the community had grown to 33 members, not including about a dozen college students.

Work was begun on a new church building that same year, and the first Mass was celebrated on Easter in 1960. Dedicated to St. Eugene, it is believed that the church was also so named to honor Bishop Eugene McGuinness who had died not long before. In 1962, the priest from Hydro was transferred to Weatherford, with Hydro becoming to the mission, until its closure some years later.

In 1983, a parish hall was constructed, and in 1997 Archbishop Beltran dedicated a new religious education building, with spaces for parish offices and ministries.